ISO/IEC 18013 establishes guidelines for the design format and data content of an ISO-compliant driving licence (IDL) with regard to human-readable features (ISO/IEC 18013-1), ISO machine-readable technologies (ISO/IEC 18013-2), and access control, authentication and integrity validation (ISO/IEC 18013-3). It creates a common basis for international use and mutual recognition of the IDL without impeding individual countries/states in applying their privacy rules and national/community/regional motor vehicle authorities in taking care of their specific needs. The purpose of storing IDL data on machine-readable media on the IDL is to • increase productivity (of data and IDL use), • facilitate electronic data exchange, and • assist in authenticity and integrity validation. This part of ISO/IEC 18013 thus specifies the following: • mandatory and optional machine-readable data; • the logical data structure; • encoding rules for the machine-readable technologies currently supported. To prevent unauthorised access to the data contained on a contactless IC (e.g. by eavesdropping), provision is made to protect the privacy of the licence holder via basic access protection [requiring a human-readable and/or machine-readable key/password on the IDL to access the data on the PIC (via protected-channel communication)]. The implementation details of this function however are defined in ISO/IEC 18013-3. Provision is made for issuing authorities to validate the authenticity and integrity of the mandatory and optional data. In addition, the option of protecting access to optional data (beyond basic access protection) is provided for. The exact mechanism used to achieve such protection (e.g. encryption and/or additional access control) is specified in ISO/IEC 18013-3.